为了你,神把他的忿怒倾倒在主耶稣身上

挽回祭的不可思议意义


导言

神设立耶稣作挽回祭,是凭着耶稣的血,借着人的信,要显明 神的义,因为他用忍耐的心,宽容人先时所犯的罪。

⎯ 罗马书三章25节

所以他凡事该与他的弟兄相同,为要在 神的事上,成为慈悲忠信的大祭司,为百姓的罪献上挽回祭。

⎯ 希伯来书二章17节

他为我们的罪作了挽回祭,不是单为我们的罪,也是为普天下人的罪。

⎯ 约翰壹书二章2节

不是我们爱 神,乃是 神爱我们,差他的儿子,为我们的罪作了挽回祭,这就是爱了。

⎯ 约翰壹书四章10节

十字架上的耶稣亲自背负了我们的罪。为我们的罪付清了一切的刑罚。他成了我们的代罪羔羊。十字架成就了上帝的公义,也使他的爱得以落实。耶稣说:“成了。” 他便低下头,将自己的灵魂交给天父。

⎯《盼望》影片,第十章

观察与思考

上一课我们思考到主耶稣在十字架上成就的大工,解决了神那么大的一个两难问题:使神对人的爱得以落实,也满足了他对罪的公义要求。可是主耶稣在十字架上还成就了另一件事 ⎯ 平息了神对罪以及罪对这世界产生毁灭性影响而有的忿怒。

你曾经听过或读过这么邪恶以致想呕吐的事吗?许多人对这种故事回应说:“如果神是那么好,他怎能容许这种事发生呢?” 当人这么问时,表示有些真理他们还没领悟到。

神对罪和它在世上产生的影响,所生的忿怒远超出我们的理解。可是有一个理由不让神立即把他的忿怒倾泻下来,惩罚这罪恶的世界。我们可在彼得后书三章9到10节找到这理由:“主所应许的尚未成就,有人以为他是耽延。其实不是耽延,乃是宽容你们,不愿有一人沉沦,乃愿人人都悔改。但主的日子要像贼来到一样,那日天必大有响声废去,有形质的都要被烈火销化,地和其上的物都要烧尽了。”

从这节我们看到有一天这世界会发生什么事,以及它的结果 ⎯ 全都会烧光。至终神并不是要保存或拯救这被罪感染的世界,而是要造一个全新的世界(启示录二十一章1节)。可是虽说神因这世界的罪而大发雷霆,而且这节也告诉我们,主耶稣并不是耽延,不实现他的承诺〈他会再来并且惩罚这世界〉,可是他满有耐心,因为他不愿有任何一人灭亡。

换句话说,他对罪所怀的忿怒虽然强烈无比,可是对人所怀的爱更加强烈。他对这世界要降下的惩罚虽然不是迫在眉睫,可是却一天天逼近,而且绝对避免不了1,而且恐怖无比。这把我们带回到今天功课的重点。

在本课开头引用的每一节经节,都会看到 “挽回祭” 这字。简单地说,这字的意思是,神把因这世界的罪而有的所有忿怒,全都倾倒在主耶稣身上,在十字架上那忿怒得以平息2。神学家派克说挽回祭是“福音的核心”,而且是了解整本圣经的关键。3

凡是已信靠主耶稣的人,挽回祭的含意完全令人不可思议,它是指虽然有一天神的忿怒会倾泻在拒绝他的人身上,可是他绝不会对信靠主耶稣的人发怒。如果你已信靠主耶稣,他也许会管教你,这是因为他爱你(希伯来书十二章6,10节),可是他绝不会再对你动怒,因为主耶稣已把神的怒气带到十字架上去了。

问题与反思

  • 你曾对某人生气吗?曾经说过或想过:“我不能相信他会那么对我!” 吗?你认为神(在事情发生前就知道所有的事)曾经有过这样的想法吗?
  • 人的忿怒通常是因受到别人的气而引起,常常是没预料到的。神的忿怒比这可强烈得多,他不仅晓得我们已做的每件恶事,还晓得将来我们会犯的每个罪4。晓得此事后,你相信神曾想过:“我不能相信他做了那事!” 吗?
  • 因为主耶稣在十字架上成就的大工,连神因你以后会犯的罪而有的忿怒,也已被挽回了(满足了,平息了)。你很难相信吗?为什么相信或为什么不相信?

决心与行动

与神和好(罗马书五章1节)是个无价的宝贵礼物,可是一如我们在前几课思考的,除非你接受那礼物,否则那礼物不是你的。你因真正相信主耶稣已替你付上罪的代价,而相信你会去天堂,可是与那同时,你仍然觉得神对你做的某件事很生气,这完全是可能的。有些礼物比别的礼物难接受,不是因为送礼物的人让这件事变得很难,而是因为我们自己让它变得很难。虽说感觉不会很快或很容易改变,可是随着时间的流逝,我们知道的事能改变我们的感觉。如果你还无法经历与神和好的事,如果你很难相信神绝不再对你生气,请背诵和默想本课开头的那些经节。请把它们与它们所在的前后经文一并查考,祷告求神让他的真理在你生活里面活出来。他会这么做,因为他忠于他说的话。

参考文献

脚注

12 Peter 3:7 – “But by His word the present heavens and earth are being reserved for fire, kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.”
2J.I. Packer, Knowing God. (InterVarsity Press, 1973, p.167). Packer quotes John Murray’s definition of propitiation (from his book The Atonement) as follows: “The doctrine of propitiation is precisely this: that God loved the objects of His wrath so much that He gave His own Son to the end that He by His blood should make provision for the removal of this wrath. It was Christ’s so to deal with the wrath that the loved would no longer be objects of wrath, and love would achieve its aim of making the children of wrath the children of God’s good pleasure.”
3Ibid. p. 172. Packer writes: “A further point must now be made. Not only does the truth of propitiation lead us to the heart of the New Testament gospel; it also leads us to a vantage–point from which we can see to the heart of many other things, too. When you stand on top of Snowdon, you see the whole of Snowdonia spread out round you, and you have a wider view than you can get from any other point in the area. Similarly, when you are on top of the truth of propitiation, you can see the entire Bible in perspective, and you are in a position to take the measure of vital matters which cannot be properly grasped on any other terms. In what follows, five of these will be touched on: the driving force in the life of Jesus; the destiny of those who reject God; God’s gift of peace; the dimensions of God’s love; and the meaning of God’s glory. That these matters are vital to Christianity will not be disputed. That they can only be understood in the light of the truth of propitiation cannot, we think, be denied.”
4Merrill F. Unger, The New Unger’s Bible Dictionary. (Edited by R.K. Harrison, Howard Vos, and Cyril Barber; Originally published by Moody Press, 1988). “OMNISCIENCE. The divine attribute of perfect knowledge. This is declared in Psalm 33:13–15; Psalm 139:11–12; Psalm 147:5; Proverbs 15:3; Isaiah 40:14; Isaiah 46:10; Acts 15:18; 1 John 3:20; Hebrews 4:13, and in many other places. The perfect knowledge of God is exclusively His attribute. It relates to Himself and to all beyond Himself. It includes all things that are actual and all things that are possible. Its possession is incomprehensible to us, and yet it is necessary to our faith in the perfection of God’s sovereignty. The revelation of this divine property like that of others is well calculated to fill us with profound reverence. It should alarm sinners and beget confidence in the hearts of God’s children and deepen their consolation (see Job 23:10; Psalm 34:15–16; Psalm 90:8; Jeremiah 17:10; Hosea 7:2; 1 Peter 3:12–14). The Scriptures unequivocally declare the divine prescience and at the same time make their appeal to man as a free and consequently responsible being.”

所引用的经文取自圣经和合本